Isotopen van indium
In het volgende artikel wordt het onderwerp Isotopen van indium vanuit verschillende perspectieven behandeld, met als doel een compleet en gedetailleerd beeld van dit onderwerp te geven. Fundamentele aspecten zullen worden geanalyseerd, verschillende meningen zullen worden onderzocht en specifieke gevallen zullen worden gepresenteerd die het belang en de relevantie van Isotopen van indium vandaag de dag illustreren. Op dezelfde manier zullen relevante gegevens en bijgewerkte statistieken worden gepresenteerd en zal dieper worden ingegaan op de impact die Isotopen van indium heeft gehad op verschillende gebieden van de samenleving. Met dit artikel willen we de lezer solide en actuele kennis over Isotopen van indium bieden, zodat hij dit onderwerp grondig kan begrijpen en er zijn eigen mening over kan vormen.
Het chemisch element indium (In), met een atoommassa van 114,818(3) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: 113In, dat in theorie in staat is om spontane splijting te ondergaan. De overige 37 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halveringstijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van indium is 97In, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 5 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 115In, met een halfwaardetijd van 0,441 biljard jaar. Deze isotoop komt in de natuur het meest voor (de relatieve aanwezigheid bedraagt bijna 96%). Omdat de halfwaardetijd duizenden malen groter is dan de leeftijd van het universum, kan deze isotoop de facto als stabiel worden beschouwd. Op aarde is het een primordiaal nuclide, hetgeen impliceert dat het reeds bestond toen de aarde gevormd werd.
Overzicht
| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 97In | 49 | 48 | 96,94954(64) | 5 ms | 9/2+ | ||||
| 98In | 49 | 49 | 97,94214(21) | 45(23) ms | β+ | 98Cd | 0+ | ||
| 98mIn | 0(500) keV | 1,7(8) s | |||||||
| 99In | 49 | 50 | 98,93422(43) | 3,1(8) s | β+ | 99Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 99mIn | 400(150) keV | 1 s | 1/2− | ||||||
| 100In | 49 | 51 | 99,93111(27) | 5,9(2) s | β+ (96,1%) | 100Cd | (6, 7)+ | ||
| β+, p (3,9%) | 99Ag | ||||||||
| 101In | 49 | 52 | 100,92634(32) | 15,1(3) s | β+ | 100Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| β+, p | 100Ag | ||||||||
| 101mIn | 550(100) keV | 10 s | 1/2− | ||||||
| 102In | 49 | 53 | 101,92409(12) | 23,3(1) s | β+ (99,99%) | 102Cd | (6+) | ||
| β+, p (0,00929%) | 101Ag | ||||||||
| 103In | 49 | 54 | 102,919914(27) | 60(1) s | β+ | 103Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 103mIn | 631,7(1) keV | 34(2) s | (1/2−) | ||||||
| 104In | 49 | 55 | 103,91830(9) | 1,80(3) min | β+ | 104Cd | (5, 6)+ | ||
| 104mIn | 93,48(10) keV | 15,7(5) s | IT (80%) | 104In | (3+) | ||||
| β+ (20%) | 104Cd | ||||||||
| 105In | 49 | 56 | 104,914674(19) | 5,07(7) min | β+ | 105Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 105mIn | 674,1(3) keV | 48(6) s | IT | 105In | 1/2− | ||||
| 106In | 49 | 57 | 105,913465(13) | 6,2(1) min | β+ | 106Cd | 7+ | ||
| 106mIn | 28,6(3) keV | 5,2(1) min | β+ | 106Cd | (3+) | ||||
| 107In | 49 | 58 | 106,910295(12) | 32,4(3) min | β+ | 107Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 107mIn | 678,5(3) keV | 50,4(6) s | IT | 107In | 1/2− | ||||
| 108In | 49 | 59 | 107,909698(10) | 58,0(12) min | β+ | 108Cd | 7+ | ||
| 108mIn | 29,75(5) keV | 39,6(7) min | β+ | 108Cd | 2+ | ||||
| 109In | 49 | 60 | 108,907151(6) | 4,2(1) uur | β+ | 109Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 109m1In | 650,1(3) keV | 1,34(7) min | IT | 109In | 1/2− | ||||
| 109m2In | 2101,8(2) keV | 209(6) ms | (19/2+) | ||||||
| 110In | 49 | 61 | 109,907165(13) | 4,9(1) uur | β+ | 110Cd | 7+ | ||
| 110mIn | 62,1(5) keV | 69,1(5) min | β+ | 110Cd | 2+ | ||||
| 111In | 49 | 62 | 110,905103(5) | 2,8047(5) d | EV | 111Cd | 9/2+ | ||
| 111mIn | 536,95(6) keV | 7,7(2) min | IT | 111In | 1/2− | ||||
| 112In | 49 | 63 | 111,905532(6) | 14,97(10) min | β+ (56%) | 112Cd | 1+ | ||
| β− (44%) | 112Sn | ||||||||
| 112m1In | 156,59(5) keV | 20,56(6) min | β+ | 112Cd | 4+ | ||||
| 112m2In | 350,76(9) keV | 690(50) ns | 7+ | ||||||
| 112m3In | 613,69(14) keV | 2,81(3) µs | 8− | ||||||
| 113In | 49 | 64 | 112,904058(3) | stabiel | 9/2+ | 0,0429(5) | |||
| 113mIn | 391,699(3) keV | 1,6579(4) uur | IT | 113In | 1/2− | ||||
| 114In | 49 | 65 | 113,904914(3) | 71,9(1) s | β+ (99,5%) | 114Cd | 1+ | ||
| β− (0,5%) | 114Sn | ||||||||
| 114m1In | 190,29(3) keV | 49,51(1) dagen | IT (96,75%) | 114In | 5+ | ||||
| β+ (3,25%) | 114Cd | ||||||||
| 114m2In | 501,94(3) keV | 43,1(6) ms | IT (96,75%) | 114In | (8−) | ||||
| β+ (3,25%) | 114Cd | ||||||||
| 114m3In | 641,72(3) keV | 4,3(4) µs | (7+) | ||||||
| 115In | 49 | 66 | 114,903878(5) | 4,41(25) × 1014 jaar | β− | 115Sn | 9/2+ | 0,9571(5) | |
| 115mIn | 336,244(17) keV | 4,486(4) uur | IT (95%) | 115In | 1/2− | ||||
| β− (5%) | 115Sn | ||||||||
| 116In | 49 | 67 | 115,905260(5) | 14,10(3) s | β− | 116Sn | 1+ | ||
| EV | 116Cd | ||||||||
| 116m1In | 127,267(6) keV | 54,29(17) min | 5+ | ||||||
| 116m2In | 289,660(6) keV | 2,18(4) s | 8− | ||||||
| 117In | 49 | 68 | 116,904514(6) | 43,2(3) min | β− | 117Sn | 9/2+ | ||
| 117mIn | 315,302(12) keV | 116,2(3) min | β− (52,91%) | 117Sn | 1/2− | ||||
| IT (47,09%) | 117In | ||||||||
| 118In | 49 | 69 | 117,906354(9) | 5,0(5) s | β− | 118Sn | 1+ | ||
| 118m1In | 100(50) keV | 4,364(7) min | β− | 118Sn | 5+ | ||||
| 118m2In | 240(50) keV | 8,5(3) s | 8− | ||||||
| 119In | 49 | 70 | 118,905845(8) | 2,4(1) min | β− | 119Sn | 9/2+ | ||
| 119m1In | 311,37(3) keV | 18,0(3) min | β− (94,4%) | 119Sn | 1/2− | ||||
| IT (5,6%) | 119In | ||||||||
| 119m2In | 654,27(7) keV | 130(15) ns | 1/2+, 3/2+ | ||||||
| 120In | 49 | 71 | 119,90796(4) | 3,08(8) s | β− | 120Sn | 1+ | ||
| 120m1In | 50(60) keV | 46,2(8) s | 5+ | ||||||
| 120m2In | 300(200) keV | 47,3(5) s | β− | 120Sn | 8− | ||||
| 121In | 49 | 72 | 120,907846(29) | 23,1(6) s | β− | 121Sn | 9/2+ | ||
| 121mIn | 312,98(8) keV | 3,88(10) min | β− (98,8%) | 121Sn | 1/2- | ||||
| IT (1,2%) | 121In | ||||||||
| 122In | 49 | 73 | 121,91028(5) | 1,5(3) s | β− | 122Sn | 1+ | ||
| 122m1In | 40(60) keV | 10,3(6) s | 5+ | ||||||
| 122m2In | 290(140) keV | 10,8(4) s | β− | 122Sn | 8− | ||||
| 123In | 49 | 74 | 122,910438(26) | 6,17(5) s | β− | 123mSn | 9/2+ | ||
| 123mIn | 327,21(4) keV | 47,4(4) s | β− | 123mSn | 1/2− | ||||
| 124In | 49 | 75 | 123,91318(5) | 3,11(10) s | β− | 124Sn | 3+ | ||
| 124mIn | −20(70) keV | 3,7(2) s | β− | 124Sn | (8−) | ||||
| IT | 124In | ||||||||
| 125In | 49 | 76 | 124,91360(3) | 2,36(4) s | β− | 125mSn | 9/2+ | ||
| 125mIn | 360,12(9) keV | 12,2(2) s | β− | 125Sn | 1/2− | ||||
| 126In | 49 | 77 | 125,91646(4) | 1,53(1) s | β− | 126Sn | 3+ | ||
| 126mIn | 100(60) keV | 1,64(5) s | β− | 126Sn | 8− | ||||
| 127In | 49 | 78 | 126,91735(4) | 1,09(1) s | β− (99,97%) | 127mSn | 9/2+ | ||
| β−, n (0,03%) | 126Sn | ||||||||
| 127mIn | 460(70) keV | 3,67(4) s | β− (99,31%) | 127mSn | (1/2−) | ||||
| β−, n (0,69%) | 126Sn | ||||||||
| 128In | 49 | 79 | 127,92017(5) | 0,84(6) s | β− (99,96%) | 128Sn | 3+ | ||
| β−, n (0,038%) | 127Sn | ||||||||
| 128m1In | 247,87(10) keV | 10(7) ms | 1− | ||||||
| 128m2In | 320(60) keV | 720(100) ms | β− | 128Sn | (8−) | ||||
| 129In | 49 | 80 | 128,92170(5) | 611(4) ms | β− (99,75%) | 129Sn | 9/2+ | ||
| β−, n (0,25%) | 128Sn | ||||||||
| 129m1In | 380(70) keV | 1,23(3) s | β− (97,2%) | 129Sn | (1/2−) | ||||
| β−, n (2,5%) | 128Sn | ||||||||
| IT (,3%) | 129In | ||||||||
| 129m2In | 1688,0(5) keV | 8,5(5) µs | 17/2− | ||||||
| 130In | 49 | 81 | 129,92497(4) | 0,29(2) s | β− (98,35%) | 130Sn | 1− | ||
| β−, n (1,65%) | 129Sn | ||||||||
| 130m1In | 50(50) keV | 538(5) ms | 10− | ||||||
| 130m2In | 400(60) keV | 0,54(1) s | (5+) | ||||||
| 131In | 49 | 82 | 130,92685(3) | 0,28(3) s | β− (97,8%) | 131Sn | (9/2+) | ||
| β−, n (2,19%) | 130Sn | ||||||||
| 131m1In | 363(37) keV | 0,35(5) s | (1/2−) | ||||||
| 131m2In | 4,10(7) MeV | 320(60) ms | (19/2+ tot 23/2+) | ||||||
| 132In | 49 | 83 | 131,93299(7) | 206(4) ms | β− (94,8%) | 132Sn | (7−) | ||
| β−, n (5,2%) | 131Sn | ||||||||
| 133In | 49 | 84 | 132,93781(32) | 165(3) ms | β−, n (85%) | 132Sn | (9/2+) | ||
| β− (15%) | 133Sn | ||||||||
| 133mIn | 330(40) keV | 180 ms | IT | 133In | (1/2−) | ||||
| 134In | 49 | 85 | 133,94415(43) | 140(4) ms | β− (79%) | 134Sn | |||
| β−, n (17%) | 133Sn | ||||||||
| β−, 2n (4%) | 132Sn | ||||||||
| 135In | 49 | 86 | 134,94933(54) | 92(10) ms | 9/2+ | ||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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